South Africa has initiated a second complaint to the World Trade Organization (WTO) regarding the European Union’s citrus fruit regulations, specifically citing issues with the strict requirement set due to concerns about citrus black spot (CBS) and false codling moth (FCM). This action draws attention to the persistent problems in South Africa’s agricultural trade with the EU, one of its main markets and the source of one-third of its citrus exports.
The complaint was officially lodged as South Africa challenges new phytosanitary measures the EU has introduced, which include enhanced cold treatment requirements for citrus fruits. These regulations are designed to prevent the spread of the false codling moth and citrus black spot—a fungal disease that leaves unsightly dark spots on fruit. Both pests are predominantly found in sub-Saharan Africa and pose serious dangers to European agriculture. In July 2022, South Africa had already made a WTO complaint against the EU over modifications to import regulations about the fake codling moth. This latest case is a continuation of South Africa’s efforts to guarantee equitable treatment in international trade, and that matter is still pending resolution.
The World Trade Organization (WTO) has recently reported that South Africa has requested dispute consultations with the European Union (EU) regarding the strict regulations imposed by the latter on importing South African citrus fruits. This consultation period will last for 60 days, and both parties will try to reach a resolution. However, if the consultations fail, South Africa can request a panel to adjudicate the matter.
The EU’s regulations have significant implications for South African citrus growers. They already face several domestic challenges, such as an unstable power supply, logistical issues, and increased costs of inputs like fertilizers and pesticides. Complying with the EU’s strict CBS risk management requirements will add approximately $100 million annually to their operational costs.
This situation not only affects the agricultural sector’s profitability but also has a broader economic impact on South Africa. Agriculture is a crucial aspect of the country’s economy and employment. The dispute highlights the complexities of international agricultural trade, where health and safety standards must be balanced against the economic interests of exporting nations.
