Mali’s military junta, in power since 2020, has taken a step towards potentially diversifying its energy mix through cooperation agreements signed with Russia’s state nuclear corporation, Rosatom. These deals open the door for discussions on various energy projects, most notably the construction of a low-power nuclear power plant in Mali.
Rosatom’s African Ambitions
Rosatom has been actively courting African nations in recent years, seeking to expand its footprint in the continent’s energy sector. This strategy involves signing cooperation agreements with numerous countries, and also fostering closer ties with nations in West Africa’s Sahel region, some of which have undergone recent political transitions.
According to Rosatom, its representatives met with Mali’s junta leader, Assimi Goita, in early July 2024. Discussions focused on three key areas of potential collaboration: nuclear energy, solar power generation, and geological exploration. The most significant aspect of the agreements centers around the possibility of building a low-power nuclear plant based on Russian design. However, Rosatom has yet to disclose details regarding the plant’s potential capacity or specific location within Mali.
South Africa currently stands as the sole African nation with an operational nuclear power plant – the Koeberg facility near Cape Town. Rosatom is also involved in the construction of another nuclear power plant in Egypt. It’s worth noting that a similar large-scale project between South Africa and Russia in 2017 faced legal challenges and was ultimately abandoned.
Unanswered Questions and Mali’s Energy Needs
The agreements between Mali’s junta and Rosatom represent an initial step towards potential cooperation in the energy sector. However, several questions remain unanswered. The feasibility and specifics of the proposed low-power nuclear plant require further study. Mali’s pursuit of nuclear energy likely stems from a desire for alternative energy sources to bolster its energy security, particularly amidst its ongoing political transition.
Developing nuclear energy infrastructure is a complex undertaking. Mali would need to address various challenges, including ensuring robust safety regulations, acquiring the necessary technical expertise, and managing nuclear waste disposal. Additionally, the economic viability of a small-scale nuclear plant compared to other energy sources, such as solar or natural gas, would require careful analysis.
Mali’s exploration of nuclear energy reflects a growing trend across Africa, where nations seek to diversify their energy sources and meet rising electricity demands. However, this path necessitates careful consideration of safety, cost-effectiveness, and long-term sustainability. As Mali moves forward with these discussions with Rosatom, ensuring transparency and collaborating with international partners on best practices will be crucial. Only through a comprehensive evaluation can Mali determine if nuclear energy aligns with its specific needs and long-term development goals.
Source: Reuters
